Anzalone and colleagues described prime editing, which writes new genetic information using a catalytically impaired Cas9 fused to an engineered reverse transcriptase; they made over 175 edits in human cells, including correcting sickle cell and Tay–Sachs mutations.
As reported in: Anzalone, Randolph, Davis et al. (2019). Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA. Nature. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1711-4
Gaudelli and colleagues evolved adenine base editors that convert A•T to G•C at about 50% efficiency in human cells with typically ≥99.9% product purity.
Publisher update notice: correction
As reported in: Gaudelli, Komor, Rees et al. (2017). Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature24644
Komor and colleagues fused CRISPR-Cas9 with a cytidine deaminase to convert C•G to T•A without double-strand breaks, correcting 15–75% of DNA with typically ≤1% indels.
As reported in: Komor, Kim, Packer et al. (2016). Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature17946
Jain and colleagues summarised the portable Oxford Nanopore MinION, with reads exceeding 150 kilobases and in-field pathogen detection.
Publisher update notice: correction
As reported in: Jain, Olsen, Paten et al. (2016). The Oxford Nanopore MinION: delivery of nanopore sequencing to the genomics community. Genome Biology. doi:10.1186/s13059-016-1103-0
Kasianowicz and colleagues showed an electric field drives single strands of RNA and DNA through a 2.6 nm channel, with blockade duration proportional to length.
As reported in: Kasianowicz, Brandin, Branton et al. (1996). Characterization of individual polynucleotide molecules using a membrane channel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.13770