Also: Chang'e-5, CE-5 lunar soil, changesite-(Y)
China's Chang'e-5 mission returned about 1.73 kg of soil in 2020 from one of the youngest volcanic regions on the Moon, the first new Moon samples in 44 years.
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Yang and colleagues described high-pressure silica minerals (seifertite and stishovite) and the new lunar mineral changesite-(Y) found in Chang'e-5 regolith.
As reported in: Yang, Du (2024). High-pressure minerals and new lunar mineral changesite-(Y) in Chang’e-5 regolith. Matter and Radiation at Extremes. doi:10.1063/5.0148784
Li and colleagues described the Chang'e-5 soil: very fine grains, a bulk density of about 1.24 g/cm³, and fragments of mostly basalt, glass and agglutinate.
As reported in: Li, Hu, Yang et al. (2021). Characteristics of the lunar samples returned by the Chang’E-5 mission. National Science Review. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwab188
Li and colleagues dated Chang'e-5 basalt to about 2.03 billion years ago, the youngest crystallization age reported for lunar basalt, showing the Moon stayed volcanically active longer than thought.
As reported in: Li, Zhou, Liu et al. (2021). Two-billion-year-old volcanism on the Moon from Chang’e-5 basalts. Nature. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04100-2
Jin and colleagues found a hydrated ammonium magnesium chloride mineral, about 41% water by weight, in Chang'e-5 soil and ruled out contamination from Earth or the rocket.
As reported in: Jin, Hao, Guo et al. (2024). Evidence of a hydrated mineral enriched in water and ammonium molecules in the Chang’e-5 lunar sample. Nature Astronomy. doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02306-8
Xu and colleagues found high hydrogen levels in the outer rims of Chang'e-5 soil grains, with an isotope signature pointing almost entirely to the solar wind as its source.
As reported in: Xu, Tian, Zhang et al. (2022). High abundance of solar wind-derived water in lunar soils from the middle latitude. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.2214395119