BioTech Encyclopedia

Xenobots (reconfigurable organisms)

Experiments: basic research on living systems, not technology.

Also: frog-cell robots, living robots

Tiny living machines assembled from frog cells into shapes designed by computer simulation.

Known properties: Xenobots (reconfigurable organisms)

Only what the cited papers report.

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Timeline

  1. 2020 Computer-designed living organisms
  2. 2021 Xenobots that copy themselves

Readiness: lab lab studies · prototype demonstrated objects · commercial products or buildings in real use · review summaries of other studies.
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lab biology 2020

Computer-designed living organisms

Kriegman and colleagues used AI to design new lifeforms in simulation and built them from frog cells, which then showed the predicted behaviours.

As reported in: Kriegman, Blackiston, Levin et al. (2020). A scalable pipeline for designing reconfigurable organisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.1910837117

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lab biology 2021

Xenobots that copy themselves

Kriegman and colleagues found clusters of frog cells could gather loose cells into new working copies, a form of self-replication not seen in any organism.

As reported in: Kriegman, Blackiston, Levin et al. (2021). Kinematic self-replication in reconfigurable organisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.2112672118

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