Also: tensile structures, catenary arches, Sagrada Família
Architects who let physics shape their buildings, using hanging chains, soap films and fabric.
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Boller and D'Acunto compared the form-finding approaches of Frei Otto, Heinz Isler and Sergio Musmeci.
As reported in: Boller, D'Acunto (2021). Structural design via form finding: Comparing Frei Otto, Heinz Isler and Sergio Musmeci. History of Construction Cultures. doi:10.1201/9781003173434-168
Salas and colleagues described Gaudí's use of catenary vaults, complex ruled surfaces and branched pillars to increase structural efficiency.
As reported in: Salas, Bedoya, Adell (2021). Gaudí, a New Architectural Concept of Maximum Structural Efficiency: Catenary Vaults, Complex Ruled Surfaces, Branched Pillars and an Endless Innovative Strategies. 12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions. doi:10.23967/sahc.2021.119