Also: hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, perfluorocarbons, lab-grown red blood cells
Scientists have long tried to make substitutes for donated blood, from oxygen-carrying liquids to hemoglobin solutions to red blood cells grown from stem cells. None has yet replaced donor blood.
Readiness: lab lab studies · prototype demonstrated objects · commercial products or buildings in real use · review summaries of other studies.
Natanson and colleagues pooled clinical trials and found cell-free hemoglobin blood substitutes were linked to higher risk of heart attack and death.
As reported in: Natanson, Kern, Lurie et al. (2008). Cell-Free Hemoglobin-Based Blood Substitutes and Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Death. JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.299.19.jrv80007
Giarratana and colleagues injected a small dose of lab-grown red blood cells into a volunteer as a proof of principle; the cells survived in circulation.
As reported in: Giarratana, Rouard, Dumont et al. (2011). Proof of principle for transfusion of in vitro–generated red blood cells. Blood. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-06-362038
Clark and Gollan showed mice could survive breathing perfluorocarbon liquid saturated with oxygen, launching interest in fluorocarbon oxygen carriers.
As reported in: Clark, Gollan (1966). Survival of Mammals Breathing Organic Liquids Equilibrated with Oxygen at Atmospheric Pressure. Science. doi:10.1126/science.152.3730.1755
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Giarratana and colleagues produced fully mature human red blood cells from blood stem cells in the lab.
Built / tested: cultured red blood cells
As reported in: Giarratana, Kobari, Lapillonne et al. (2005). Ex vivo generation of fully mature human red blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells. Nature Biotechnology. doi:10.1038/nbt1047
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