Takasato and colleagues grew kidney organoids from human stem cells.
As reported in: Takasato, Er, Chiu et al. (2015). Kidney organoids from human iPS cells contain multiple lineages and model human nephrogenesis. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature15695
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Lancaster and Knoblich reviewed organoid technologies.
As reported in: Lancaster, Knoblich (2014). Organogenesis in a dish: Modeling development and disease using organoid technologies. Science. doi:10.1126/science.1247125
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Song and colleagues regenerated rat kidneys on decellularized scaffolds that produced urine after transplantation.
Built / tested: bioengineered rat kidney
As reported in: Song, Guyette, Gilpin et al. (2013). Regeneration and experimental orthotopic transplantation of a bioengineered kidney. Nature Medicine. doi:10.1038/nm.3154
Lancaster and colleagues grew cerebral organoids that model brain development and microcephaly.
As reported in: Lancaster, Renner, Martin et al. (2013). Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature12517
Johnson and colleagues found a small molecule, kartogenin, that pushes stem cells toward cartilage and aided repair in mice.
As reported in: Johnson, Zhu, Tremblay et al. (2012). A Stem Cell–Based Approach to Cartilage Repair. Science. doi:10.1126/science.1215157
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A review of research on chitin- and chitosan-based materials studied for wound dressings (descriptive only).
Built / tested: dressing materials
As reported in: Jayakumar, Prabaharan, Sudheesh Kumar et al. (2011). Biomaterials based on chitin and chitosan in wound dressing applications. Biotechnology Advances. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.01.005
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Petersen and colleagues rebuilt rat lungs on decellularized scaffolds and briefly implanted them.
Built / tested: engineered rat lungs
As reported in: Petersen, Calle, Zhao et al. (2010). Tissue-Engineered Lungs for in Vivo Implantation. Science. doi:10.1126/science.1189345
Sato and colleagues grew gut crypt-villus structures from single Lgr5 stem cells.
As reported in: Sato, Vries, Snippert et al. (2009). Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature07935
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Ott and colleagues stripped cells from rat hearts and reseeded the scaffolds, which began to beat.
Built / tested: bioartificial rat heart
As reported in: Ott, Matthiesen, Goh et al. (2008). Perfusion-decellularized matrix: using nature's platform to engineer a bioartificial heart. Nature Medicine. doi:10.1038/nm1684
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Mygind and colleagues grew mesenchymal stem cells on coralline hydroxyapatite scaffolds.
As reported in: Mygind, Stiehler, Baatrup et al. (2007). Mesenchymal stem cell ingrowth and differentiation on coralline hydroxyapatite scaffolds. Biomaterials. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.10.003
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Takahashi and colleagues reprogrammed adult human skin cells into pluripotent stem cells.
Built / tested: human iPS cells
As reported in: Takahashi, Tanabe, Ohnuki et al. (2007). Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Adult Human Fibroblasts by Defined Factors. Cell. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.019
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Yu and colleagues independently made human iPS cell lines using a different set of factors.
Built / tested: human iPS cells
As reported in: Yu, Vodyanik, Smuga-Otto et al. (2007). Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells. Science. doi:10.1126/science.1151526
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Takahashi and Yamanaka showed four transcription factors could turn mouse skin cells into pluripotent stem cells.
Built / tested: mouse iPS cells
As reported in: Takahashi, Yamanaka (2006). Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors. Cell. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024
Giarratana and colleagues produced fully mature human red blood cells from blood stem cells in the lab.
Built / tested: cultured red blood cells
As reported in: Giarratana, Kobari, Lapillonne et al. (2005). Ex vivo generation of fully mature human red blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells. Nature Biotechnology. doi:10.1038/nbt1047
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Made porous 3D silk sponges using a water-based process, as scaffolds for tissue research (descriptive only).
Built / tested: porous scaffolds
As reported in: Kim, Park, Joo Kim et al. (2005). Three-dimensional aqueous-derived biomaterial scaffolds from silk fibroin. Biomaterials. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.07.044
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Described bacterial cellulose tubes (sold under the name BASYC) and reported their testing as small artificial blood vessels in rat experiments (descriptive only).
Built / tested: bacterial cellulose tubes
As reported in: Klemm, Schumann, Udhardt et al. (2001). Bacterial synthesized cellulose — artificial blood vessels for microsurgery. Progress in Polymer Science. doi:10.1016/s0079-6700(01)00021-1
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Thomson and colleagues derived the first human embryonic stem cell lines from blastocysts.
Built / tested: human ES cell lines
As reported in: Thomson, Itskovitz-Eldor, Shapiro et al. (1998). Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts. Science. doi:10.1126/science.282.5391.1145
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Evans and Kaufman established pluripotent cell lines grown from mouse embryos.
Built / tested: mouse ES cell lines
As reported in: Evans, Kaufman (1981). Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. Nature. doi:10.1038/292154a0
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Gail Martin independently isolated a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos and coined the term embryonic stem cell.
Built / tested: mouse ES cell lines
As reported in: Martin (1981). Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.78.12.7634
Clark and Gollan showed mice could survive breathing perfluorocarbon liquid saturated with oxygen, launching interest in fluorocarbon oxygen carriers.
As reported in: Clark, Gollan (1966). Survival of Mammals Breathing Organic Liquids Equilibrated with Oxygen at Atmospheric Pressure. Science. doi:10.1126/science.152.3730.1755
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Marshall Urist showed demineralized bone matrix could induce new bone to form, leading to the discovery of bone morphogenetic proteins.
As reported in: Urist (1965). Bone: Formation by Autoinduction. Science. doi:10.1126/science.150.3698.893
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