A comprehensive review of collagen type I biomaterials for tissue engineering, from biosynthesis to scaffolds.
As reported in: Amirrah, Lokanathan, Zulkiflee et al. (2022). A Comprehensive Review on Collagen Type I Development of Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering: From Biosynthesis to Bioscaffold. Biomedicines. doi:10.3390/biomedicines10092307
Willett and colleagues decoded imagined handwriting into text at about 90 characters per minute.
As reported in: Willett, Avansino, Hochberg et al. (2021). High-performance brain-to-text communication via handwriting. Nature. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03506-2
Hou, Langer, and colleagues reviewed lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery.
As reported in: Hou, Zaks, Langer et al. (2021). Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery. Nature Reviews Materials. doi:10.1038/s41578-021-00358-0
Silk fibroin/gelatin microcarriers used as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Built / tested: microcarriers
As reported in: Luetchford, Chaudhuri, De Bank (2020). Silk fibroin/gelatin microcarriers as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Materials Science and Engineering: C. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2019.110116
Polack and colleagues reported the safety and efficacy trial of the BNT162b2 lipid-nanoparticle mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.
Built / tested: mRNA vaccine
As reported in: Polack, Thomas, Kitchin et al. (2020). Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. New England Journal of Medicine. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2034577
Wang, Tai and Gao reviewed AAV as a platform for gene therapy delivery.
As reported in: Wang, Tai, Gao (2019). Adeno-associated virus vector as a platform for gene therapy delivery. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. doi:10.1038/s41573-019-0012-9
A plant-inspired adhesive and tough hydrogel built around silver-lignin nanoparticles that drive catechol chemistry.
Built / tested: hydrogels
As reported in: Gan, Xing, Jiang et al. (2019). Plant-inspired adhesive and tough hydrogel based on Ag-Lignin nanoparticles-triggered dynamic redox catechol chemistry. Nature Communications. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09351-2
Dedrick and colleagues used genetically engineered phages to treat a teenager with a drug-resistant Mycobacterium infection.
Built / tested: engineered phage cocktail
As reported in: Dedrick, Guerrero-Bustamante, Garlena et al. (2019). Engineered bacteriophages for treatment of a patient with a disseminated drug-resistant Mycobacterium abscessus. Nature Medicine. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0437-z
Jault and colleagues ran a clinical trial of a phage cocktail on infected burn wounds; it worked more slowly than standard care.
As reported in: Jault, Leclerc, Jennes et al. (2019). Efficacy and tolerability of a cocktail of bacteriophages to treat burn wounds infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PhagoBurn): a randomised, controlled, double-blind phase 1/2 trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30482-1
Kortright and colleagues reviewed phage therapy as a renewed approach to antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
As reported in: Kortright, Chan, Koff et al. (2019). Phage Therapy: A Renewed Approach to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Cell Host & Microbe. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.014
Collagen-alginate used as a bioink for 3D cell printing in cartilage tissue engineering.
Built / tested: bioinks
As reported in: Yang, Lu, Wu et al. (2018). Collagen-alginate as bioink for three-dimensional (3D) cell printing based cartilage tissue engineering. Materials Science and Engineering: C. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2017.09.002
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A short review of nanohydroxyapatite as a coating for dental implants.
As reported in: Yazdani, Ahmadian, Sharifi et al. (2018). A short view on nanohydroxyapatite as coating of dental implants. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.013
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Russell and colleagues reported the phase 3 trial of an AAV gene therapy for RPE65 blindness, later approved as Luxturna.
Built / tested: Luxturna
As reported in: Russell, Bennett, Wellman et al. (2017). Efficacy and safety of voretigene neparvovec (AAV2-hRPE65v2) in patients with RPE65 -mediated inherited retinal dystrophy: a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31868-8
Mendell and colleagues gave infants with SMA a single AAV gene-replacement dose, greatly improving survival.
Built / tested: onasemnogene (Zolgensma)
As reported in: Mendell, Al-Zaidy, Shell et al. (2017). Single-Dose Gene-Replacement Therapy for Spinal Muscular Atrophy. New England Journal of Medicine. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1706198
Mandai and colleagues reported transplanting a sheet of retinal cells grown from a patient's own iPS cells in a patient with macular degeneration; after a year the sheet was intact and vision had neither improved nor worsened.
Built / tested: retinal pigment epithelium sheet
As reported in: Mandai, Watanabe, Kurimoto et al. (2017). Autologous Induced Stem-Cell–Derived Retinal Cells for Macular Degeneration. New England Journal of Medicine. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1608368
Prepared a feather keratin hydrogel and evaluated its wound-healing effect and biocompatibility.
Built / tested: hydrogels
As reported in: Wang, Hao, Luo et al. (2017). Feather keratin hydrogel for wound repair: Preparation, healing effect and biocompatibility evaluation. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.10.038
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Hirsch and colleagues regrew most of a boy's skin using genetically corrected stem cells for the blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa.
Built / tested: transgenic epidermis grafts
As reported in: Hirsch, Rothoeft, Teig et al. (2017). Regeneration of the entire human epidermis using transgenic stem cells. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature24487
Schooley and colleagues treated a patient with a resistant Acinetobacter infection using custom phage cocktails.
As reported in: Schooley, Biswas, Gill et al. (2017). Development and Use of Personalized Bacteriophage-Based Therapeutic Cocktails To Treat a Patient with a Disseminated Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infection. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. doi:10.1128/AAC.00954-17
Gholipourmalekabadi and colleagues reviewed oxygen-generating biomaterials for tissue engineering.
As reported in: Gholipourmalekabadi, Zhao, Harrison et al. (2016). Oxygen-Generating Biomaterials: A New, Viable Paradigm for Tissue Engineering?. Trends in Biotechnology. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.05.012
A review of the synthesis, properties and biomedical applications of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels.
As reported in: Yue, Trujillo-de Santiago, Alvarez et al. (2015). Synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels. Biomaterials. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.045
Minev and colleagues made a soft implant that matches spinal tissue and worked long term in rats.
Built / tested: e-dura
As reported in: Minev, Musienko, Hirsch et al. (2015). Electronic dura mater for long-term multimodal neural interfaces. Science. doi:10.1126/science.1260318
Zheng, Gu, and Witte reviewed magnesium, iron, and zinc as metals designed to degrade safely in the body.
As reported in: Zheng, Gu, Witte (2014). Biodegradable metals. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports. doi:10.1016/j.mser.2014.01.001
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Dasari and Tchounwou reviewed how cisplatin damages cancer cell DNA.
As reported in: Dasari, Bernard Tchounwou (2014). Cisplatin in cancer therapy: Molecular mechanisms of action. European Journal of Pharmacology. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.025
Bowen and colleagues found zinc wires implanted in rat arteries corroded at a rate well suited to dissolving stents.
Built / tested: bioabsorbable stents
As reported in: Bowen, Drelich, Goldman (2013). Zinc Exhibits Ideal Physiological Corrosion Behavior for Bioabsorbable Stents. Advanced Materials. doi:10.1002/adma.201300226
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Collinger and colleagues reported smooth multi-direction control of a prosthetic arm by a woman with tetraplegia.
As reported in: Collinger, Wodlinger, Downey et al. (2013). High-performance neuroprosthetic control by an individual with tetraplegia. The Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61816-9
Salgado and colleagues found copper surfaces in ICU rooms lowered hospital-acquired infection rates in a clinical trial.
Built / tested: copper hospital surfaces
As reported in: Salgado, Sepkowitz, John et al. (2013). Copper Surfaces Reduce the Rate of Healthcare-Acquired Infections in the Intensive Care Unit. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. doi:10.1086/670207
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Chitosan scaffolds containing chicken feather keratin nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering.
Built / tested: scaffolds
As reported in: Saravanan, Sameera, Moorthi et al. (2013). Chitosan scaffolds containing chicken feather keratin nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.09.034
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Allen and Cullis reviewed liposomal drug delivery from concept to clinic.
Built / tested: liposomal drugs
As reported in: Allen, Cullis (2013). Liposomal drug delivery systems: From concept to clinical applications. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.037
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Hochberg and colleagues showed people with tetraplegia reaching and grasping with a robotic arm controlled by brain signals.
As reported in: Hochberg, Bacher, Jarosiewicz et al. (2012). Reach and grasp by people with tetraplegia using a neurally controlled robotic arm. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature11076
Porous silica microshells from diatoms as a biocarrier for drug delivery.
Built / tested: microcarriers
As reported in: Aw, Simovic, Yu et al. (2012). Porous silica microshells from diatoms as biocarrier for drug delivery applications. Powder Technology. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2011.04.023
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Pedraza and colleagues used an oxygen-generating material to protect insulin-producing cells from low oxygen.
As reported in: Pedraza, Coronel, Fraker et al. (2012). Preventing hypoxia-induced cell death in beta cells and islets via hydrolytically activated, oxygen-generating biomaterials. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.1113560109
Synthesis, biocompatibility and drug delivery of mesoporous silica nanoparticles.
As reported in: Tang, Li, Chen (2012). Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Biocompatibility and Drug Delivery. Advanced Materials. doi:10.1002/adma.201104763
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Giarratana and colleagues injected a small dose of lab-grown red blood cells into a volunteer as a proof of principle; the cells survived in circulation.
As reported in: Giarratana, Rouard, Dumont et al. (2011). Proof of principle for transfusion of in vitro–generated red blood cells. Blood. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-06-362038
Dimitriou and colleagues reviewed current approaches to bone regeneration, including grafts, scaffolds and growth factors.
As reported in: Dimitriou, Jones, McGonagle et al. (2011). Bone regeneration: current concepts and future directions. BMC Medicine. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-9-66
Grass, Rensing, and Solioz reviewed how metallic copper kills microbes on contact.
As reported in: Grass, Rensing, Solioz (2011). Metallic Copper as an Antimicrobial Surface. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. doi:10.1128/AEM.02766-10
Thom reviewed how hyperbaric oxygen works and where it helps.
As reported in: Thom (2011). Hyperbaric Oxygen: Its Mechanisms and Efficacy. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181fbe2bf
Measured how mean pore size affects cell attachment, growth and migration in collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Built / tested: scaffolds
As reported in: Murphy, Haugh, O'Brien (2010). The effect of mean pore size on cell attachment, proliferation and migration in collagen–glycosaminoglycan scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.063
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Motterlini and Otterbein reviewed the therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide.
As reported in: Motterlini, Otterbein (2010). The therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. doi:10.1038/nrd3228
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Savile and colleagues evolved a transaminase enzyme to make the drug sitagliptin, replacing a metal-catalysed step in manufacturing.
Built / tested: pharmaceutical manufacturing process
As reported in: Savile, Janey, Mundorff et al. (2010). Biocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Amines from Ketones Applied to Sitagliptin Manufacture. Science. doi:10.1126/science.1188934
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A review of keratin-based biomaterials for biomedical applications.
As reported in: Rouse, Van Dyke (2010). A Review of Keratin-Based Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. Materials. doi:10.3390/ma3020999
Kong and colleagues gave an introductory review of plasma medicine.
As reported in: Kong, Kroesen, Morfill et al. (2009). Plasma medicine: an introductory review. New Journal of Physics. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/11/11/115012
Horcajada and colleagues showed porous nano-MOFs as possible drug delivery carriers.
As reported in: Horcajada, Chalati, Serre et al. (2009). Porous metal–organic-framework nanoscale carriers as a potential platform for drug delivery and imaging. Nature Materials. doi:10.1038/nmat2608
Rai and colleagues reviewed silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials.
Built / tested: antimicrobial coatings
As reported in: Rai, Yadav, Gade (2009). Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnology Advances. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.09.002
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Geetha and colleagues reviewed why titanium-based alloys are a leading choice for hip, knee, and other orthopedic implants.
Built / tested: orthopedic implants
As reported in: Geetha, Singh, Asokamani et al. (2009). Ti based biomaterials, the ultimate choice for orthopaedic implants – A review. Progress in Materials Science. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2008.06.004
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Maguire and colleagues delivered a working RPE65 gene by AAV to three patients with Leber congenital amaurosis; it appeared safe and gave modest improvements in retinal function.
As reported in: Maguire, Simonelli, Pierce et al. (2008). Safety and Efficacy of Gene Transfer for Leber's Congenital Amaurosis. New England Journal of Medicine. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0802315
Natanson and colleagues pooled clinical trials and found cell-free hemoglobin blood substitutes were linked to higher risk of heart attack and death.
As reported in: Natanson, Kern, Lurie et al. (2008). Cell-Free Hemoglobin-Based Blood Substitutes and Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Death. JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.299.19.jrv80007
Fridman and colleagues reviewed medical uses of plasma.
As reported in: Fridman, Friedman, Gutsol et al. (2008). Applied Plasma Medicine. Plasma Processes and Polymers. doi:10.1002/ppap.200700154
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Uniform nanoparticles with a magnetite core and mesoporous silica shell for MRI and fluorescence imaging and drug delivery.
Built / tested: nanoparticles
As reported in: Kim, Kim, Lee et al. (2008). Multifunctional Uniform Nanoparticles Composed of a Magnetite Nanocrystal Core and a Mesoporous Silica Shell for Magnetic Resonance and Fluorescence Imaging and for Drug Delivery. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. doi:10.1002/anie.200802469
Ohsawa and colleagues found inhaled hydrogen selectively reduced harmful oxygen radicals in rats.
As reported in: Ohsawa, Ishikawa, Takahashi et al. (2007). Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. Nature Medicine. doi:10.1038/nm1577
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Hochberg and colleagues reported a man with paralysis controlling a computer cursor and devices with an implanted array.
Built / tested: BrainGate
As reported in: Hochberg, Serruya, Friehs et al. (2006). Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature04970
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Atala and colleagues implanted bladders engineered from patients' own cells on scaffolds.
Built / tested: engineered bladders
As reported in: Atala, Bauer, Soker et al. (2006). Tissue-engineered autologous bladders for patients needing cystoplasty. The Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68438-9
Staiger and colleagues reviewed magnesium alloys as degradable orthopedic implant materials.
As reported in: Staiger, Pietak, Huadmai et al. (2006). Magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials: A review. Biomaterials. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.10.003
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Evaluated an in-situ forming hydrogel wound dressing based on oxidised alginate and gelatin.
Built / tested: wound dressings
As reported in: Balakrishnan, Mohanty, Umashankar et al. (2005). Evaluation of an in situ forming hydrogel wound dressing based on oxidized alginate and gelatin. Biomaterials. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.012
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Giannoudis and colleagues reviewed grafts and synthetic bone substitutes used in orthopaedic surgery.
As reported in: Giannoudis, Dinopoulos, Tsiridis (2005). Bone substitutes: An update. Injury. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2005.07.029
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Karikó and colleagues showed modified nucleosides help mRNA avoid immune detection, work honored with the 2023 Nobel Prize.
As reported in: Karikó, Buckstein, Ni et al. (2005). Suppression of RNA Recognition by Toll-like Receptors: The Impact of Nucleoside Modification and the Evolutionary Origin of RNA. Immunity. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.06.008
Witte and colleagues tracked four magnesium alloys corroding inside animal bone and found new bone forming around them.
Built / tested: degradable bone implants
As reported in: Witte, Kaese, Haferkamp et al. (2005). In vivo corrosion of four magnesium alloys and the associated bone response. Biomaterials. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.09.049
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Morones and colleagues showed silver nanoparticles kill bacteria and studied how particle size matters.
As reported in: Morones, Elechiguerra, Camacho et al. (2005). The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/16/10/059
Structure and properties of nano-hydroxyapatite/polymer composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Built / tested: bone scaffolds
As reported in: Wei, Ma (2004). Structure and properties of nano-hydroxyapatite/polymer composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.12.005
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Van Beek and colleagues reviewed functional lung MRI using hyperpolarized helium-3 gas.
As reported in: van Beek, Wild, Kauczor et al. (2004). Functional MRI of the lung using hyperpolarized 3‐helium gas. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. doi:10.1002/jmri.20154
Hirsch and colleagues used gold nanoshells and near-infrared light to heat and destroy tumors in mice.
As reported in: Hirsch, Stafford, Bankson et al. (2003). Nanoshell-mediated near-infrared thermal therapy of tumors under magnetic resonance guidance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.2232479100
Drury and Mooney reviewed hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering.
As reported in: Drury, Mooney (2003). Hydrogels for tissue engineering: scaffold design variables and applications. Biomaterials. doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00340-5
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Motterlini and colleagues introduced molecules that deliver small amounts of CO.
As reported in: Motterlini, Clark, Foresti et al. (2002). Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules. Circulation Research. doi:10.1161/hh0202.104530
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Studied structure, gelation rate and mechanical properties of ionically crosslinked alginate hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds.
Built / tested: hydrogel scaffolds
As reported in: Kuo, Ma (2001). Ionically crosslinked alginate hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering: Part 1. Structure, gelation rate and mechanical properties. Biomaterials. doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00201-5
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Otterbein and colleagues found low-dose carbon monoxide had anti-inflammatory effects.
As reported in: Otterbein, Bach, Alam et al. (2000). Carbon monoxide has anti-inflammatory effects involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Nature Medicine. doi:10.1038/74680
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Described magnetic fluid hyperthermia, heating superparamagnetic nanoparticles with an AC magnetic field to treat cancer.
As reported in: Jordan, Scholz, Wust et al. (1999). Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH): Cancer treatment with AC magnetic field induced excitation of biocompatible superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. doi:10.1016/s0304-8853(99)00088-8
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Duerig, Pelton, and Stöckel reviewed nitinol in stents, guidewires, and other medical devices.
Built / tested: stents, guidewires
As reported in: Duerig, Pelton, Stöckel (1999). An overview of nitinol medical applications. Materials Science and Engineering: A. doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00294-4
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Niinomi compared the strength, fatigue, and stiffness of biomedical titanium alloys.
As reported in: Niinomi (1998). Mechanical properties of biomedical titanium alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A. doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00806-X
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Franks and colleagues showed xenon blocks NMDA receptors, explaining its anesthetic effect.
As reported in: Franks, Dickinson, de Sousa et al. (1998). How does xenon produce anaesthesia?. Nature. doi:10.1038/24525
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Schnieke and colleagues produced cloned sheep carrying a human clotting factor IX gene.
Built / tested: transgenic cloned sheep
As reported in: Schnieke, Kind, Ritchie et al. (1997). Human Factor IX Transgenic Sheep Produced by Transfer of Nuclei from Transfected Fetal Fibroblasts. Science. doi:10.1126/science.278.5346.2130
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Maynard, Nordhausen and Normann described the Utah intracortical array as a recording structure for brain-computer interfaces.
Built / tested: Utah array
As reported in: Maynard, Nordhausen, Normann (1997). The Utah Intracortical Electrode Array: A recording structure for potential brain-computer interfaces. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. doi:10.1016/S0013-4694(96)95176-0
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A review of the biodegradation and biocompatibility of PLA and PLGA microspheres.
As reported in: Anderson, Shive (1997). Biodegradation and biocompatibility of PLA and PLGA microspheres. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. doi:10.1016/s0169-409x(97)00048-3
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Laroussi showed an atmospheric-pressure plasma can sterilize contaminated material.
As reported in: Laroussi (1996). Sterilization of contaminated matter with an atmospheric pressure plasma. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. doi:10.1109/27.533129
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Brittberg and colleagues treated deep knee cartilage defects by growing the patient's own cartilage cells and implanting them.
Built / tested: ACI procedure
As reported in: Brittberg, Lindahl, Nilsson et al. (1994). Treatment of Deep Cartilage Defects in the Knee with Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation. New England Journal of Medicine. doi:10.1056/NEJM199410063311401
Albert and colleagues produced the first biological MRI images using laser-polarized xenon-129.
As reported in: Albert, Cates, Driehuys et al. (1994). Biological magnetic resonance imaging using laser-polarized 129Xe. Nature. doi:10.1038/370199a0
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Guillemin and colleagues studied natural coral as a bone graft substitute.
As reported in: Guillemin, Patat, Fournie et al. (1987). The use of coral as a bone graft substitute. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. doi:10.1002/jbm.820210503
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Burke, Yannas and colleagues successfully used a collagen-based artificial skin on patients with extensive burns.
Built / tested: artificial dermis
As reported in: BURKE, YANNAS, QUINBY et al. (1981). Successful Use of a Physiologically Acceptable Artificial Skin in the Treatment of Extensive Burn Injury. Annals of Surgery. doi:10.1097/00000658-198110000-00005
Holmes reported bone regrowing in dogs within coral-derived hydroxyapatite implants.
Built / tested: coralline hydroxyapatite
As reported in: Holmes (1979). Bone Regeneration Within a Coralline Hydroxyapatite Implant. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. doi:10.1097/00006534-197905000-00004
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Rosenberg and colleagues reported platinum compounds as potent antitumor agents, leading to cisplatin.
As reported in: ROSENBERG, VANCAMP, TROSKO et al. (1969). Platinum Compounds: a New Class of Potent Antitumour Agents. Nature. doi:10.1038/222385a0
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Bangham and colleagues described swollen phospholipid layers, the first liposomes.
As reported in: Bangham, Standish, Watkins (1965). Diffusion of univalent ions across the lamellae of swollen phospholipids. Journal of Molecular Biology. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(65)80093-6
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Rosenberg and colleagues found that products from platinum electrodes stopped bacteria from dividing.
As reported in: ROSENBERG, VAN CAMP, KRIGAS (1965). Inhibition of Cell Division in Escherichia coli by Electrolysis Products from a Platinum Electrode. Nature. doi:10.1038/205698a0
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Wichterle and Lím introduced hydrophilic gels for biological use, leading to soft contact lenses.
Built / tested: soft contact lenses
As reported in: WICHTERLE, LÍM (1960). Hydrophilic Gels for Biological Use. Nature. doi:10.1038/185117a0
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